I am using Gitlab Pages to host a documentation generated with Sphinx.
Is it possible to render math with MathJax using Gitlab Pages? From my testing, equations are not rendered. Do I need to install MathJax along with doc in order for this to work? The generated documentation render properly on a local machine.
No. From: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/pages/getting_started_part_one.html#static-sites
GitLab Pages only supports static websites, meaning, your output files must be HTML, CSS, and JavaScript only.
It would be up to you to render the static site through a process either on your local computer and pushing the result to your repository or with continuous integration using GitLab CI. Here's a blog post where GitLab uses Nanoc instead of Sphinx, but you could replace it in your CI.