In R there are S3, S4 and with R 2.12, reference classes (unofficially called S5 classes).
Is there such a thing as a S1 (or S2) class? If so, what are they? If not, why start with S3?
R is developed from the S-language, a statistical language developed at the Bell Labs. S3 refers to the third version of S. The syntax of R is largely based on this version of S, and hence the classes were called S3. In R, there have never been S1 and S2 classes. And as Gavin said, neither in S. Object-orientation only started in the third version.