I installed the gem webmock, which blocks external connections during the test suite. After I installed it, I got an unexpected result when running the test suite.
I'm somewhat confused why the aws-sdk needs to connect to 169.254.169.254 on initialization?
rspec spec/models/concerns/posconcern_spec.rb
[Coveralls] Set up the SimpleCov formatter.
[Coveralls] Using SimpleCov's 'rails' settings.
An error occurred while loading ./spec/models/concerns/posconcern_spec.rb.
Failure/Error: require File.expand_path('../../config/environment', __FILE__)
WebMock::NetConnectNotAllowedError:
Real HTTP connections are disabled. Unregistered request: GET http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/ with headers {'Accept'=>'*/*', 'Accept-Encoding'=>'gzip;q=1.0,deflate;q=0.6,identity;q=0.3', 'User-Agent'=>'Ruby'}
You can stub this request with the following snippet:
stub_request(:get, "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/").
with(headers: {'Accept'=>'*/*', 'Accept-Encoding'=>'gzip;q=1.0,deflate;q=0.6,identity;q=0.3', 'User-Agent'=>'Ruby'}).
to_return(status: 200, body: "", headers: {})
============================================================
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/webmock-3.1.0/lib/webmock/http_lib_adapters/net_http.rb:114:in `request'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/aws-sdk-core/instance_profile_credentials.rb:109:in `http_get'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/aws-sdk-core/instance_profile_credentials.rb:90:in `block (2 levels) in get_credentials'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/aws-sdk-core/instance_profile_credentials.rb:105:in `open_connection'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/aws-sdk-core/instance_profile_credentials.rb:88:in `block in get_credentials'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/aws-sdk-core/instance_profile_credentials.rb:121:in `retry_errors'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/aws-sdk-core/instance_profile_credentials.rb:87:in `get_credentials'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/aws-sdk-core/instance_profile_credentials.rb:73:in `block in refresh'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/aws-sdk-core/instance_profile_credentials.rb:121:in `retry_errors'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/aws-sdk-core/instance_profile_credentials.rb:72:in `refresh'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/aws-sdk-core/refreshing_credentials.rb:20:in `initialize'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/aws-sdk-core/instance_profile_credentials.rb:51:in `initialize'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/aws-sdk-core/credential_provider_chain.rb:90:in `new'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/aws-sdk-core/credential_provider_chain.rb:90:in `instance_profile_credentials'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/aws-sdk-core/credential_provider_chain.rb:12:in `block in resolve'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/aws-sdk-core/credential_provider_chain.rb:11:in `each'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/aws-sdk-core/credential_provider_chain.rb:11:in `resolve'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/aws-sdk-core/plugins/request_signer.rb:37:in `block in <class:RequestSigner>'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/seahorse/client/configuration.rb:70:in `call'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/seahorse/client/configuration.rb:205:in `block in resolve_defaults'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/seahorse/client/configuration.rb:57:in `each'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/seahorse/client/configuration.rb:57:in `each'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/seahorse/client/configuration.rb:204:in `resolve_defaults'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/seahorse/client/configuration.rb:200:in `value_at'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/seahorse/client/configuration.rb:189:in `block in resolve'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/seahorse/client/configuration.rb:189:in `resolve'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/seahorse/client/configuration.rb:177:in `apply_defaults'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/seahorse/client/configuration.rb:150:in `build!'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/seahorse/client/base.rb:68:in `build_config'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/seahorse/client/base.rb:19:in `initialize'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/aws-sdk-core-2.10.52/lib/seahorse/client/base.rb:105:in `new'
# ./config/initializers/aws.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/activesupport-4.2.9/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/activesupport-4.2.9/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `block in load'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/activesupport-4.2.9/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `load_dependency'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/activesupport-4.2.9/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/engine.rb:652:in `block in load_config_initializer'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/activesupport-4.2.9/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:166:in `instrument'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/engine.rb:651:in `load_config_initializer'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/engine.rb:616:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Engine>'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/engine.rb:615:in `each'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/engine.rb:615:in `block in <class:Engine>'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/initializable.rb:55:in `block in run_initializers'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/initializable.rb:44:in `each'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/initializable.rb:44:in `tsort_each_child'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `run_initializers'
# /home/andey/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.4/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/application.rb:352:in `initialize!'
# ./config/environment.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:3:in `require'
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
# ./spec/models/concerns/posconcern_spec.rb:1:in `require'
# ./spec/models/concerns/posconcern_spec.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
Relevant link to repo:
It is trying to connect to the AWS metadata server to get the AWS credentials. All AWS servers should be able to connect to the internal metadata server.
I installed the gem webmock, which blocks external connections during the test suite
How are you blocking it? Firewall? Add a rule to allow traffic to 169.254.169.254 or stub it.
The script is trying to connect to AWS services. For that it needs credentials which can be provided in many ways. One way is to use AWS IAM role and fetch the credentials dynamically from the metadata server (169.254.169.254). Your script is connecting to 169.254.169.254 to fetch the credentials. It can be used to connect to AWS services later.