java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1 in example from Java In A Nutshell

Question

I wanted to try out the code from Java In A Nutshell book (3rd edition), but when I'm trying to run it, I'm getting java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1 error. I found that info:

Thrown to indicate that an array has been accessed with an illegal index. The index is either negative or greater than or equal to the size of the array.

but unfortunately I am still not able to find and fix it

package tripledes;

import javax.crypto.*;
import javax.crypto.spec.*;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.*;
import java.io.*;

public class TripleDES {

public static void main(String[] args) {

    try {
        try {
            Cipher c = Cipher.getInstance("DESede");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("Installing SunJCE provicer");
            Provider sunjce = new com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE();
            Security.addProvider(sunjce);
        }

        File keyfile = new File(args[1]);

        if (args[0].equals("-g")) {
            System.out.println("Generating key. This may take some time...");
            System.out.flush();
            SecretKey key = generateKey();
            writeKey(key, keyfile);
            System.out.println("Done");
            System.out.println("Secret key written to " + args[1] + ". Protect that file!");
        } else if (args[0].equals("-e")) {
            SecretKey key = readKey(keyfile);
            encrypt(key, System.in, System.out);
        } else if (args[0].equals("-d")) {
            SecretKey key = readKey(keyfile);
            decrypt(key, System.in, System.out);
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        System.err.println(e);
        System.err.println("Usage: java " + TripleDES.class.getName() + "-d|-e|-g <keyfile>");
    }

}

public static SecretKey generateKey() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
    KeyGenerator keygen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DESede");
    return keygen.generateKey();
}

public static void writeKey(SecretKey key, File f) throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException {
    SecretKeyFactory keyfactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
    DESedeKeySpec keyspec = (DESedeKeySpec) keyfactory.getKeySpec(key, DESedeKeySpec.class);
    byte[] rawkey = keyspec.getKey();

    FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(f);
    out.write(rawkey);
    out.close();
}

public static SecretKey readKey(File f) throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, InvalidKeySpecException {
    DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(f));
    byte[] rawkey = new byte[(int) f.length()];
    in.readFully(rawkey);
    in.close();

    DESedeKeySpec keyspec = new DESedeKeySpec(rawkey);
    SecretKeyFactory keyfactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
    SecretKey key = keyfactory.generateSecret(keyspec);
    return key;
}

public static void encrypt(SecretKey key, InputStream in, OutputStream out)
        throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, NoSuchPaddingException, IOException {
    Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede");
    cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);

    CipherOutputStream cos = new CipherOutputStream(out, cipher);

    byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
    int bytesRead;
    while ((bytesRead = in.read(buffer)) != -1) {
        cos.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
    }
    cos.close();

    java.util.Arrays.fill(buffer, (byte) 0);
}

public static void decrypt(SecretKey key, InputStream in, OutputStream out)
        throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, IOException, IllegalBlockSizeException,
        NoSuchPaddingException, BadPaddingException {
    Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede");
    cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);

    byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
    int bytesRead;
    while ((bytesRead = in.read(buffer)) != -1) {
        out.write(cipher.update(buffer, 0, bytesRead));
    }
    out.write(cipher.doFinal());
    out.flush();
}

}

Answer 1

Could be when you access the args array. Such as:

 File keyfile = new File(args[1]);

If you have no arguments to your program then this would be an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.