What does Outbound traffic mean for an AWS Security Group assigned to an AWS RDS instance?
Pressing "Launch DB Instance" in the AWS RDS management console is the equivalent of launching a server daemon, if one were to do-it-oneself.
The console also has a setting to associate a "Security Group" to the DB Instance.
The Security Group itself has settings for "Inbound" and for "Outbound" traffic.
The "Inbound" traffic means requests to the server originating from some client somewhere.
What does "Outbound" traffic mean? Are these simply the responses of the db server? In that case, wouldn't it make sense for Inbound and Outbound to always have the same port range and IP addresses?
Relation to previous questions:
This RDS instance is to be coupled with an ElasticBeanstalk instance, not a VPC.
No, outbound traffic rules doesn't affect the responses coming from DB server for external requests(e.g Query, Update, Write & etc.) since security groups are stateful:
Security groups are stateful — if you send a request from your instance, the response traffic for that request is allowed to flow in regardless of inbound security group rules. Responses to allowed inbound traffic are allowed to flow out, regardless of outbound rules.
Outbound traffic rules in Security Group is used for purposes like downloading patches from external sources for the DB Server in RDS.