According the docs for the Messenger Platform 1.4, the Upload API returns an attachment_id for the uploaded attachment:
{
"attachment_id":"1854626884821032"
}
How do we use this attachment_id to send attachments? Or does simply sending another message with an attachment from the same URL result in messenger using the uploaded attachment?
You should use
$imageAttachment = array('type' => 'image'``, 'payload' => array('attachment_id' => '1854626884821032'));
$params = array('message' => array('attachment' => $imageAttachment), "recipient" => array("id" => $senderId));
and the make a Curl as specified here
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/messenger-platform/send-api-reference/image-attachment