is it possible to create a new command with a parameter in a verbatim environment and some indentation?
\newcommand{codeblock}[1]{\begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}#1\end{verbatim}\end{quote}}
This does not work. Is there an other way?
It looks like you want to have code in your document, in which case you're probably better served by the package listings than by verbatim. Listings also gives you nice features like line numbering and syntax highlighting for many common languages. See http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/listings/ if it's not already installed with your LaTeX distribution.