For example, does macOS Safari 10.2 use the same version of WebKit as iOS Safari 10.2?
I know that the WebKit revision number included in a release of Safari isn't publicly available, but if there's a WebKit bug that I know is fixed in macOS Safari 10.2 can I also assume that it's fixed in iOS Safari 10.2?
The answer is no, you cannot assume they are using the same version. Maybe they sometimes match up but thats not a guarantee.
Source: I checked wikipedia for the OS X version of Safari https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safari_version_history agains my iPads/iPhones versions. They don't match up at all.
Even if they would, don't you think you should support all sorts of browsers and versions?