I am using on-prem infrastructure with VM:s, on Windows 2012R2. I've tried to find tools to incorporate IaC, but I haven't found any tool for this. Chef, Ansible, etc. are only for Linux if I'm not mistaken. I think for Azure there's something, but that I can't use here.
IMHO, you have missed something to conclude that chef is not meant for windows. Chef have extensive support for windows and azure.
You can start looking at chef documentations:-
For learning, you can refer:-