I learn c++ following The Stroustroup's book (Programming: Principles and Practice), so I've been trying to run an example using FLTK libraries (I use Ubuntu 14.04). Actually, when I compiled the programm with Code::Blocks IDE everything worked fine. But then, sort of for learning purposes, I decided to write a makefile, which causes many errors when trying to start it:
> g++ main.o Graph.o GUI.o Simple_window.o Window.o -o hello main.o: In function `fl_color()':
> main.cpp:(.text._Z8fl_colorv[_Z8fl_colorv]+0x7): undefined reference
> to `fl_graphics_driver' main.o: In function
> `Graph_lib::Window::~Window()':
> main.cpp: (.text._ZN9Graph_lib6WindowD2Ev[_ZN9Graph_lib6WindowD5Ev]+0x31):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Window::~Fl_Window()'
> main.o:(.rodata._ZTV13Simple_window[_ZTV13Simple_window]+0x28):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Window::handle(int)'
> main.o:(.rodata._ZTV13Simple_window[_ZTV13Simple_window]+0x30):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Window::resize(int, int, int, int)'
> main.o:(.rodata._ZTV13Simple_window[_ZTV13Simple_window]+0x38):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Window::show()'
> main.o:(.rodata._ZTV13Simple_window[_ZTV13Simple_window]+0x40):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Window::hide()'
> main.o:(.rodata._ZTV13Simple_window[_ZTV13Simple_window]+0x60):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Window::flush()' Graph.o: In function
> `Graph_lib::Text::draw_lines() const': Graph.cpp:(.text+0x9e5):
> undefined reference to `fl_draw(char const*, int, int)' Graph.o: In
> function `Graph_lib::draw_mark(Graph_lib::Point, char)':
> Graph.cpp:(.text+0x16e2): undefined reference to `fl_draw(char const*,
> int, int)' Graph.o: In function
> `Graph_lib::Image::Image(Graph_lib::Point, std::string,
> Graph_lib::Suffix::Encoding)': Graph.cpp:(.text+0x1f95): undefined
> reference to `Fl_JPEG_Image::Fl_JPEG_Image(char const*)'
> Graph.cpp:(.text+0x1fc9): undefined reference to
> `Fl_GIF_Image::Fl_GIF_Image(char const*)' Graph.cpp:(.text+0x1ffd):
> undefined reference to `Fl_BMP_Image::Fl_BMP_Image(char const*)'
> Graph.o: In function `Fl_Image::Fl_Image(int, int, int)':
> Graph.cpp:(.text._ZN8Fl_ImageC2Eiii[_ZN8Fl_ImageC5Eiii]+0x18):
> undefined reference to `vtable for Fl_Image' Graph.o: In function
> `fl_color(unsigned int)':
> Graph.cpp:(.text._Z8fl_colorj[_Z8fl_colorj]+0xe): undefined reference
> to `fl_graphics_driver'
> Graph.cpp:(.text._Z8fl_colorj[_Z8fl_colorj]+0x21): undefined reference
> to `fl_graphics_driver' Graph.o: In function `fl_line_style(int, int,
> char*)':
> Graph.cpp:(.text._Z13fl_line_styleiiPc[_Z13fl_line_styleiiPc]+0x15):
> undefined reference to `fl_graphics_driver'
> Graph.cpp:(.text._Z13fl_line_styleiiPc[_Z13fl_line_styleiiPc]+0x26):
> undefined reference to `fl_graphics_driver' Graph.o: In function
> `fl_rect(int, int, int, int)':
> Graph.cpp:(.text._Z7fl_rectiiii[_Z7fl_rectiiii]+0x17): undefined
> reference to `fl_graphics_driver'
> Graph.o:Graph.cpp:(.text._Z7fl_rectiiii[_Z7fl_rectiiii]+0x28): more
> undefined references to `fl_graphics_driver' follow Graph.o: In
> function `Graph_lib::Bad_image::draw(int, int, int, int, int, int)':
> Graph.cpp:(.text._ZN9Graph_lib9Bad_image4drawEiiiiii[_ZN9Graph_lib9Bad_image4drawEiiiiii]+0x2d): undefined reference to `Fl_Image::draw_empty(int, int)'
> Graph.o:(.rodata._ZTVN9Graph_lib9Bad_imageE[_ZTVN9Graph_lib9Bad_imageE]+0x20):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Image::copy(int, int)'
> Graph.o:(.rodata._ZTVN9Graph_lib9Bad_imageE[_ZTVN9Graph_lib9Bad_imageE]+0x28):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Image::color_average(unsigned int, float)'
> Graph.o:(.rodata._ZTVN9Graph_lib9Bad_imageE[_ZTVN9Graph_lib9Bad_imageE]+0x30):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Image::desaturate()'
> Graph.o:(.rodata._ZTVN9Graph_lib9Bad_imageE[_ZTVN9Graph_lib9Bad_imageE]+0x38):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Image::label(Fl_Widget*)'
> Graph.o:(.rodata._ZTVN9Graph_lib9Bad_imageE[_ZTVN9Graph_lib9Bad_imageE]+0x40):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Image::label(Fl_Menu_Item*)'
> Graph.o:(.rodata._ZTVN9Graph_lib9Bad_imageE[_ZTVN9Graph_lib9Bad_imageE]+0x50):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Image::uncache()' Graph.o: In function
> `Graph_lib::Bad_image::~Bad_image()':
> Graph.cpp:(.text._ZN9Graph_lib9Bad_imageD2Ev[_ZN9Graph_lib9Bad_imageD5Ev]+0x1f):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Image::~Fl_Image()'
> Graph.o:(.rodata._ZTIN9Graph_lib9Bad_imageE[_ZTIN9Graph_lib9Bad_imageE]+0x10):
> undefined reference to `typeinfo for Fl_Image' GUI.o: In function
> `Graph_lib::Button::attach(Graph_lib::Window&)': GUI.cpp:(.text+0x5b):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Button::Fl_Button(int, int, int, int, char
> const*)' GUI.o: In function
> `Graph_lib::In_box::attach(Graph_lib::Window&)':
> GUI.cpp:(.text+0x1ed): undefined reference to `Fl_Input::Fl_Input(int,
> int, int, int, char const*)' GUI.o: In function
> `Graph_lib::Out_box::put(int)': GUI.cpp:(.text+0x2cf): undefined
> reference to `Fl_Input_::value(char const*)' GUI.o: In function
> `Graph_lib::Out_box::put(std::string const&)': GUI.cpp:(.text+0x365):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Input_::value(char const*)' GUI.o: In
> function `Graph_lib::Out_box::attach(Graph_lib::Window&)':
> GUI.cpp:(.text+0x3cb): undefined reference to
> `Fl_Output::Fl_Output(int, int, int, int, char const*)'
> Simple_window.o: In function `Simple_window::wait_for_button()':
> Simple_window.cpp:(.text+0x31): undefined reference to `Fl::wait()'
> Simple_window.cpp:(.text+0x48): undefined reference to `Fl::redraw()'
> Window.o: In function `Graph_lib::Window::Window(int, int, std::string
> const&)': Window.cpp:(.text+0x34): undefined reference to
> `Fl_Window::Fl_Window(int, int, char const*)' Window.cpp:(.text+0x9f):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Window::~Fl_Window()' Window.o: In function
> `Graph_lib::Window::Window(Graph_lib::Point, int, int, std::string
> const&)': Window.cpp:(.text+0xf8): undefined reference to
> `Fl_Window::Fl_Window(int, int, int, int, char const*)'
> Window.cpp:(.text+0x163): undefined reference to
> `Fl_Window::~Fl_Window()' Window.o: In function
> `Graph_lib::Window::draw()': Window.cpp:(.text+0x1c7): undefined
> reference to `Fl_Window::draw()' Window.o: In function
> `Graph_lib::Window::attach(Graph_lib::Widget&)':
> Window.cpp:(.text+0x23a): undefined reference to `Fl_Group::begin()'
> Window.cpp:(.text+0x264): undefined reference to `Fl_Group::end()'
> Window.o: In function `Graph_lib::gui_main()':
> Window.cpp:(.text+0x485): undefined reference to `Fl::run()'
> Window.o:(.rodata._ZTVN9Graph_lib6WindowE[_ZTVN9Graph_lib6WindowE]+0x28):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Window::handle(int)'
> Window.o:(.rodata._ZTVN9Graph_lib6WindowE[_ZTVN9Graph_lib6WindowE]+0x30):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Window::resize(int, int, int, int)'
> Window.o:(.rodata._ZTVN9Graph_lib6WindowE[_ZTVN9Graph_lib6WindowE]+0x38):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Window::show()'
> Window.o:(.rodata._ZTVN9Graph_lib6WindowE[_ZTVN9Graph_lib6WindowE]+0x40):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Window::hide()'
> Window.o:(.rodata._ZTVN9Graph_lib6WindowE[_ZTVN9Graph_lib6WindowE]+0x60):
> undefined reference to `Fl_Window::flush()'
> Window.o:(.rodata._ZTIN9Graph_lib6WindowE[_ZTIN9Graph_lib6WindowE]+0x10):
> undefined reference to `typeinfo for Fl_Window' collect2: error: ld
> returned 1 exit status make: *** [hello] error 1
And here is my makefile:
CC=g++
CFLAGS=-c -Wall -std=c++11 `fltk-config --cxxflags --use-images`
LIBS=`fltk-config --ldflags` -lfltk -lfltk_images -ljpeg -lstdc++ -lXfixes -lXext -lpthread -ldl -lm -lX11
all: hello
hello: main.o Graph.o GUI.o Simple_window.o Window.o
$(CC) main.o Graph.o GUI.o Simple_window.o Window.o -o hello
main.o: main.cpp
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) main.cpp $(LIBS)
Graph.o: Graph.cpp
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) Graph.cpp $(LIBS)
GUI.o: GUI.cpp
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) GUI.cpp $(LIBS)
Simple_window.o: Simple_window.cpp
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) Simple_window.cpp $(LIBS)
Window.o: Window.cpp
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) Window.cpp $(LIBS)
clean:
rm -rf *.o hello
Could anyone tell me what I'm doing wrong? I saw in the Web many similar topics, but no answer from them seems to help me.
Thanks so much in advance!
You need to pass LIBS to linker instead of compiler, this would be your makefile:
CC=g++
CFLAGS=-c -Wall -std=c++11 `fltk-config --cxxflags --use-images`
LIBS=`fltk-config --ldflags` -lfltk -lfltk_images -ljpeg -lstdc++ -lXfixes -lXext -lpthread -ldl -lm -lX11
all: hello
hello: main.o Graph.o GUI.o Simple_window.o Window.o
$(CC) main.o Graph.o GUI.o Simple_window.o Window.o -o hello $(LIBS)
main.o: main.cpp
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) main.cpp
Graph.o: Graph.cpp
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) Graph.cpp
GUI.o: GUI.cpp
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) GUI.cpp
Simple_window.o: Simple_window.cpp
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) Simple_window.cpp
Window.o: Window.cpp
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) Window.cpp
clean:
rm -rf *.o hello