TFS 2015 update 2.
Some TFS REST endpoints (e. g. release details) return a reference to a user as a combination of display name and a GUID.
How can I retrieve the Windows username for the said user?
You could not directly use Rest API to get what you need on TFS 2015 update 2.
You have to use Client API such as IIdentityManagementService.ReadIdentity method to achieve it.
ConfigurationServer.GetService<IIdentityManagementService>().ReadIdentities(guid, ....)
For more details please refer this blog which can give you help.