I could not locate specific, up-to-date documentation on this issue. Does publishing support already exist using SSDT in an environment with replication enabled?
If it exists, can you give me a link to a documentation?
SSDT does not support replication nor jobs. You need to write scripts that will stop replication (or do whatever you need) before you publish and start after publishing. This can be done as pre/post deployment scripts or other scripts that are run from powershell/batch when deployment is automated.