Is there a way to import .yxdb (Alteryx database files) into Pandas/Python, without using Alteryx as a go-between?
The short answer is no, not at this time.
Longer answer: the raw C++ for .yxdb support is available on github, as it was open sourced in order to adhere to R licensing when Alteryx hooked into R. See this link where Ned Harding explains it all in his blog. So basically, everything is there for someone to build Python support by utilizing the open source C++ ... but nobody has done so just yet.