I've started using the Google Drive Android API in my app and have managed to get it to create files and save them to the app folder.
Is there any way I would be able to view these files in Google Drive, so I can check their contents (to check for bugs)?
No, per the App Folder documentation:
The App Folder is a special folder that is only accessible by your application. Its content is hidden from the user and from other apps
You can, of course, add a debugging mode/UI to display the files within your own app.