I just came across a piece of that I am not able to properly look up on Google.
It basically looks like this foo([](){bar();})
.
Here is what I actually found:
ArduinoOTA.onStart([]() {
Serial.println("Start");
});
Could someone explain this syntax to me or at least tell me what I'm looking at here?
You're looking for lambda expressions.
In this case, it seems to be registering an action to be performed on start.