Escaping Closures in Swift

Question

I'm new to Swift and I was reading the manual when I came across escaping closures. I didn't get the manual's description at all. Could someone please explain to me what escaping closures are in Swift in simple terms.

Answer 1

Consider this class:

class A {
    var closure: (() -> Void)?
    func someMethod(closure: @escaping () -> Void) {
        self.closure = closure
    }
}

someMethod assigns the closure passed in, to a property in the class.

Now here comes another class:

class B {
    var number = 0
    var a: A = A()
    func anotherMethod() {
        a.someMethod { self.number = 10 }
    }
}

If I call anotherMethod, the closure { self.number = 10 } will be stored in the instance of A. Since self is captured in the closure, the instance of A will also hold a strong reference to it.

That's basically an example of an escaped closure!

You are probably wondering, "what? So where did the closure escaped from, and to?"

The closure escapes from the scope of the method, to the scope of the class. And it can be called later, even on another thread! This could cause problems if not handled properly.

By default, Swift doesn't allow closures to escape. You have to add @escaping to the closure type to tell the compiler "Please allow this closure to escape". If we remove @escaping:

class A {
    var closure: (() -> Void)?
    func someMethod(closure: () -> Void) {
    }
}

and try to write self.closure = closure, it doesn't compile!