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f#pattern-matchingseqguard-clause

Match with empty sequence


I'm learning F# and I've started to play around with both sequences and match expressions.

I'm writing a web scraper that's looking through HTML similar to the following and taking the last URL in a parent <span> with the paging class.

<html>
<body>
    <span class="paging">
        <a href="http://google.com">Link to Google</a>
        <a href="http://TheLinkIWant.com">The Link I want</a>
    </span>
</body>
</html>

My attempt to get the last URL is as follows:

type AnHtmlPage = FSharp.Data.HtmlProvider<"http://somesite.com">

let findMaxPageNumber (page:AnHtmlPage)= 
    page.Html.Descendants()
    |> Seq.filter(fun n -> n.HasClass("paging"))
    |> Seq.collect(fun n -> n.Descendants() |> Seq.filter(fun m -> m.HasName("a")))
    |> Seq.last
    |> fun n -> n.AttributeValue("href")

However I'm running into issues when the class I'm searching for is absent from the page. In particular I get ArgumentExceptions with the message: Additional information: The input sequence was empty.

My first thought was to build another function that matched empty sequences and returned an empty string when the paging class wasn't found on a page.

let findUrlOrReturnEmptyString (span:seq<HtmlNode>) =
    match span with 
    | Seq.empty -> String.Empty      // <----- This is invalid
    | span -> span
    |> Seq.collect(fun (n:HtmlNode) -> n.Descendants() |> Seq.filter(fun m -> m.HasName("a")))
    |> Seq.last
    |> fun n -> n.AttributeValue("href")

let findMaxPageNumber (page:AnHtmlPage)= 
    page.Html.Descendants()
    |> Seq.filter(fun n -> n.HasClass("paging"))
    |> findUrlOrReturnEmptyStrin

My issue is now that Seq.Empty is not a literal and cannot be used in a pattern. Most examples with pattern matching specify empty lists [] in their patterns so I'm wondering: How can I use a similar approach and match empty sequences?


Solution

  • The suggestion that ildjarn gave in the comments is a good one: if you feel that using match would create more readable code, then make an active pattern to check for empty seqs:

    let (|EmptySeq|_|) a = if Seq.isEmpty a then Some () else None
    
    let s0 = Seq.empty<int>
    
    match s0 with
    | EmptySeq -> "empty"
    | _ -> "not empty"
    

    Run that in F# interactive, and the result will be "empty".