Is there a way to find the range of latitude and longitude included within a set of certain cities? Ex. I am trying to find all ranges of lat/longs which are included within the city boundaries of Atlanta.
I can't comment because I don't yet have a sufficient reputation. However, this question is hard to answer because depending on the level of accuracy of the XY coords, you are going to produce a huge range of values. For example, wmf labs goes to the 2nd level of XY coord precision (33.755, -84.39), which would produce much less XY coordinate pairs within a given polygon than using the precision to the 6th level (e.g. 33.756732, -84.425291).
Once you've established that, then I assume your workflow would be to import the polygon of Atlanta > set your coordinate system > use the bounding coordinates that form Atlanta as your area of interest > set the level of precision > using the level of precision, produce a table(?)/list(?)/whatever format you want(need to establish this) of points that INTERSECT the polygon...R has packages to do this, SQL Spatial, JavaScript APIs, etc.