Is it possible to retrieve a report from GoodData using Python?
All what I can find is documentation on Ruby (http://sdk.gooddata.com/gooddata-ruby-examples/).
As GoodData offers public APIs, it is for sure possible to write any custom script for achieving of your objective including Python.
Please see GoodData API documentation on https://developer.gooddata.com/api.
The reason you can see a lot of Ruby specific documentation is, that GoodData offers in-house developed Ruby SDK.