I recently submitted an iOS app to the App Store and received a binary rejection. The app is quite complex, so I fully expected a rejection after the first attempt. However, the reviewer only found one minor issue, which leaves me questioning whether there is really only one issue or if this is the first in a long string of rejections. Does Apple provide comprehensive feedback when issuing a binary rejection, or do they simply issue a rejection the moment they find a single issue?
As you said they simply issue a rejection the moment they find it. They stop the review process immediately after finding any issue. Once you fix the issue they will start the review process again, if they find any new issues again your app will be rejected.