I am aware of current Ethernet Technology and it's non-deterministic behavior, due to CSMA-/CA/CD. I also see a lot of news around Time Sensitive Networking.
Could anyone briefly explain how TSN could change or enhance timing, synchronization, how is it related to IEEE 1588(PTP) etc ?
Your question is way too broad, but anyway...
First:
All Ethernet link these days are full duplex, so collision avoidance such as CSMA-/CA/CD are a thing of the past since about 15 years I would say: Ethernet is not a shared media (like is air for Wi-Fi), and there simply isn't any collision, so no need to avoid it. Did you get that "non-deterministic because of CSMA-/CA/CD" from a book or teacher? Then those would need a serious update.
(And so no, the collision risk and its avoidance mechanism is not the cause of "current Ethernet Technology and it's non-deterministic behavior", especially not with the word "current".)
Then:
About TSN (Time Sensitive Networking): TSN is just the new name for an IEEE 802 task sub-group that was first called AVB for "Audio Video Bridging", as you can see from here (2005 or 2008 to 2012):
http://www.ieee802.org/1/pages/avbridges.html
Note: The Audio/Video Bridging Task Group was renamed the "Time-Sensitive Networking Task Group" in November, 2012. Please refer to that page for further information. The rest of this page has been preserved it existed at that time, without some obsolete meeting information.
The change was made to reflect its now broader perspective: not only for Pro Audio/Video distribution use, but also to automotive, and latter industrial applications as well. So the work continues here:
http://www.ieee802.org/1/pages/tsn.html
As a result, you'll actually find most information about the fundamentals of TSN by googling "Ethernet AVB" rather than "Ethernet TSN". The wikipedia page, carefully maintained by people directly involved with the technology, is a good start:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_Video_Bridging
Also, as with every technology, there is a technical side, that's the IEEE AVB->TSN group, and there is a marketing side, taking care of branding, use-cases, and (very important) certification programs to label and guarantee the interoperability of products, to have a healthy ecosystem. For AVB/TSN, this marketing side is handled by the AVnu Alliance SIG (Special Interest Group), founded in 2009:
There too, you can find a lot of information in the knowledge base section of the web site (technologies, whitepapers, specifications, FAQs): why was it made (what is the problem to solve), how does it work, what are the use cases in the various fields it targets.
Some final words:
AVB/TSN it is not a single protocol, but rather a set of protocols, put together with possible variants according to the use case. Example: originally designed with auto-configuration/plug and play' built in (geared towards sound engineers, without the need for network engineers), its automotive profile rather use static configuration (because of reduced boot and configuration time, lesser code/hardware for reduced cost embedded devices, and you're not going to change a car networking topology nor roles of the nodes everyday anyway).
And that makes a BIG pile of standards: the base IEEE AVB standards put together, the last one published in 2013 IIRC, where already about 1,500 pages, and TSN is now expanding that. Distribution of a common wall-clock to participants, which is a prior need to synchronization, with sub-microsecond range of precision, is a big, complex problem in itself to start with . Be it with a static clock device reference ("PTP master") in IEEE 1588, and even more with a elected, and then constantly monitored and possibly re-elected GM ("Grand Master) via a BMCA (Best master clock algorithm) as in IEEE 802.1AS.
Also, all this require implementation not only in the end nodes, but also in the switches (bridges), which takes an active part in it at pretty much every level (clocking, but also bandwidth reservation, then admission and traffic shaping). So part of the standards are relevant to nodes, others to the bridges.
So all this is really quite big and complex, and going from 1,500 pages (which I once read from cover to cover) - and it's now more than that - to "briefly explain how TSN could change or enhance timing, synchronization, how is it related to IEEE 1588 (PTP) etc ?" is a bit challenging... especially the "etc" part... :-)
Hope these few pointers help though.