How can one move to previous caret position(s) in Android Studio?
Use Ctrl + Alt + Left and Ctrl + Alt + Right
For Mac, use Command + Option + Left and Command + Option + Right
If these don't work for you, it is possible that these keys are assigned for some of the functions of your OS/video drivers, you can either disable the shortcuts that are using these keys from operating system settings/video driver settings or change shortcuts from Android Studio itself by going to:
File > Settings > Keymap > Main menu > Navigate > Back/Forward
Mac users can find this dialog by going to Android Studio's: App Menu -> Preferences