I have read Kademila spec and DHT BEP for Bittorent but still can't understand how DHT makes trackerless torrents reliable. My understanding of routing procedure is:
But what happens when node X vanishes from swarm? Is there any failover? How tracking information are distributed across nodes in swarm?
First of all, the DHT is a global overlay shared between all bittorrent clients, it's not specific to individual swarms.
Second, straight from the paper, section 2.3:
To store a (key,value) pair, a participant locates the k closest nodes to the key and sends them storE RPCs. Additionally, each node re-publishes (key,value) pairs as necessary to keep them alive, as described later in Section 2.5 . This ensures persistence (as we show in our proof sketch) of the (key,value) pair with very high probability.