I was getting this error when trying to install Atom using the installer.
I tried to run as Administrator but ever having the same error. So I opened the Setup Log and found this line in many places of the log:
Failed to load local releases, starting from scratch: System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException: Could not find a part of the path 'C:\Users\david\AppData\Local\slack\packages\RELEASES'.
To resolve this problem, I simply tried to change the AppData folder properties, unchecking the Attribute "Read-Only" and applying to subfolders.
After that, I could install the application and everything is working well.
I don't know whether what I did was the best solution, but it fixed my problem :)
Hope this help someone