Search code examples
c++matlabfloating-pointprecisionieee-754

Matlab vs C++ Double Precision

I am porting some code from Matlab to C++.

In Matlab

format long
D = 0.689655172413793 (this is 1.0 / 1.45)
E = 2600 / D
// I get E = 3.770000000000e+03

In C++

double D = 0.68965517241379315; //(this is 1.0 / 1.45)
double E = 2600 / D;
//I get E = 3769.9999999999995

It is a problem for me because in both cases I have to do rounding down to 0 (Matlab's fix), and in the first case (Matlab) is becomes 3770, whereas in the second case (C++) it becomes 3769.

I realise that it is because of the two additional least significant digits "15" in the C++ case. Given that Matlab seems to only store up to 15 significant digits of precision in double precision (as shown above - 0.689655172413793), how can I effectively tell C++ to ignore the "15" at the back?

All calculations are done in double precision.

Solution

  • You got confused by the different ways C++ and MATLAB are printing double values. MATLAB's format long only prints 15 significant digits while C++ prints 17 significant digits. Internally both use the same numbers: IEEE 754 64 bit floating point numbers. To reproduce the C++-behaviour in MATLAB, I defined a anonymous function disp17 which prints numbers with 17 significant digits:

    >> disp17=@(x)(disp(num2str(x,17)))

disp17 = 

    @(x)(disp(num2str(x,17)))

>> 1.0 / 1.45

ans =

   0.689655172413793

>> disp17(1.0 / 1.45)
0.68965517241379315

    You see the result in MATLAB and C++ is the same, they just print a different number of digits. If you now continue in both programming languages with the same constant, you get the same result.

    >> D = 0.68965517241379315 %17 digits, enough to represent a double.

D =

   0.689655172413793

>> ans = 2600 / D %Result looks wrong

ans =

     3.770000000000000e+03

>> disp17(2600 / D) %But displaying 17 digits it is the same.
3769.9999999999995

    The background for printing 17 or 15 digits: