If yes, then how does audio recognition apps work in different devices ?
For example, Google translate works in iphone-6, samsung-s6, htc-m9 ...
It does matter which microphone is used, modern speech recognition systems are very specific about microphones and there are really bad microphones sometimes, in particular cheap desktop microphones. It also matters what audio card do you use, many cheap cards record with a lot of noises, in particular on desktops and that reduces recognition rate sufficiently.
Far-talking microphones record room echo which is very harmful for recognition. Lapel microphone which are close to mouth are way better.
Recent improvements in speech recognition accuracy reduced this problem but it is still important.
For that reason Nuance in particular recommends to use external USB microphones instead of embedded ones.
Most high-end smart phones have quite good microphones for that reason you do not need to worry about them. This is because they have no electrical noise being powered on direct current. They also designed for good speech quality recordings.
Audio quality is still a problem for cheap phones and cheap desktop microphones.