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Dockerfile: how to redirect the output of a RUN command to a variable?

I am writing a dockerfile and want to put the output of the "ls" command into a variable as shown below:

$file = ls /tmp/dir

Here, "dir" only has one file inside it.

The following RUN instruction within a dockerfile is not working

RUN $file = ls /tmp/dir
Solution

  • You cannot save a variable for later use in other Dockerfile commands (if that is your intention). This is because each RUN happens in a new shell.

    However, if you just want to capture the output of ls you should be able to do it in one RUN compound command. For example:

    RUN file="$(ls -1 /tmp/dir)" && echo $file

    Or just using the subshell inline:

    RUN echo $(ls -1 /tmp/dir)

    If you have an actual error or problem to solve I could expand on this instead of a hypothetical answer.

    A full example Dockerfile demonstrating this would be:

    FROM alpine:3.7
RUN mkdir -p /tmp/dir && touch /tmp/dir/file1 /tmp//dir/file2
RUN file="$(ls -1 /tmp/dir)" && echo $file
RUN echo $(ls -1 /tmp/dir)

    When building you should see steps 3 and 4 output the variable (which contains the list of file1 and file2 creating in step 2). The option for --progress plain forces the output to show the steps in later version of Docker:

    $ docker build --no-cache --progress plain -t test .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/4 : FROM alpine:3.7
 ---> 3fd9065eaf02
Step 2/4 : RUN mkdir -p /tmp/dir && touch /tmp/dir/file1 /tmp//dir/file2
 ---> Running in abb2fe683e82
Removing intermediate container abb2fe683e82
 ---> 2f6dfca9385c
Step 3/4 : RUN file="$(ls -1 /tmp/dir)" && echo $file
 ---> Running in 060a285e3d8a
file1 file2
Removing intermediate container 060a285e3d8a
 ---> 2e4cc2873b8c
Step 4/4 : RUN echo $(ls -1 /tmp/dir)
 ---> Running in 528fc5d6c721
file1 file2
Removing intermediate container 528fc5d6c721
 ---> 1be7c54e1f29
Successfully built 1be7c54e1f29
Successfully tagged test:latest