What setting has to be set in Emacs24 to make the load-file
command to be case insensitive?
I don't think there is anything directly built in, but all the standard Elisp files have lowercase names, so if that's all you need to cope with, you could do something like
(defadvice load-file (around lowercase-argument activate compile)
"Call `downcase' on the FILE argument to `load-file'."
(let ((file (downcase file)))
ad-do-it))