In Visual Studio 2015 there are various project types for making an Windows Phone app. These are:
Question: If I use option 1 (Windows Universal), will the app run on:
Additional commentary/comments welcome.
Windows Universal - will create a single binary that will run on all Windows 10 devices. Phones, tablets, desktops etc. It will not run on Windows 8 devices.
Windows 8 Universal - will create separate projects for Windows phone and Windows Tablet/Desktop and they will create separate binaries. They will run on Windows 8 and windows 10 devices.
But keep in mind that the desktop versions of these apps are the newer style desktop apps (rt, metro or whatever you want to call it) and not "true" Windows desktop apps.
Hope this helps.