When using Visual Studio 2015 to make a Windows 10 Store application, the package manifest (Package.appxmanifest) lets you add a Badge Logo in 5 different resolutions. What is the Badge Logo for?
The badge logo images are used in some tile templates and on lock screen notifications. The badge is the small logo you often see next to a number on smaller tiles, for example showing an unread message count. On larger tiles this will appear in a corner.
See more at https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-gb/library/windows/apps/hh779719.aspx (yes this page is Win8 documentation but still applies.)