Is this code accessing an associative array in a class in C++?

Question

I'm looking at the rapidjson code for possible integration. I can see that thanks to the new C++11 you can in fact do associative arrays in C++, although I'm not sure the speed advantages. However, in their example code I'm seeing this:

 Document document; // Default template parameter uses UTF8 and MemoryPoolAllocator.

    char buffer[sizeof(json)];
    memcpy(buffer, json, sizeof(json));
    if (document.ParseInsitu(buffer).HasParseError())
        return 1;

    printf("\nAccess values in document:\n");
    assert(document.IsObject());    // Document is a JSON value represents the root of DOM. Root can be either an object or array.

    assert(document.HasMember("hello"));
    assert(document["hello"].IsString());
    printf("hello = %s\n", document["hello"].GetString());

It looks like Document is a class that has methods being called, but at the same time he's able to access it using document["hello"] as an associative array? Is that what's going on here?

Answer 1

In C++, operator[] can be overloaded by a class. Document must either have implemented an overload or derived from one that has.

The syntax is roughly:

class Foo {
public:
    AssociatedType operator [] (IndexingType i) {
        //...
    }
};

The AssociatedType may be a reference. The method may be const.