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How to write regular expression to match only numbers, letters and dashes?

I need an expression that will only accept:

  • numbers
  • normal letters (no special characters)
  • -

Spaces are not allowed either.

Example: The regular expression should match:
this-is-quite-alright

It should not match
this -is/not,soålright

Solution

  • You can use:

    ^[A-Za-z0-9-]*$

    This matches strings, possibly empty, that is wholly composed of uppercase/lowercase letters (ASCII A-Z), digits (ASCII 0-9), and a dash.

    This matches (as seen on rubular.com):

    this-is-quite-alright
and-a-1-and-a-2-and-3-4-5

yep---------this-is-also-okay

    And rejects:

    this -is/not,soålright
hello world

    Explanation:

    • ^ and $ are beginning and end of string anchors respectively
      • If you're looking for matches within a string, then you don't need the anchors
    • [...] is a character class
      • a-z, A-Z, 0-9 in a character class define ranges
      • - as a last character in a class is a literal dash
    • * is zero-or-more repetition

    regular-expressions.info

    Variation

    The specification was not clear, but if - is only to be used to separate "words", i.e. no double dash, no trailing dash, no preceding dash, then the pattern is more complex (only slightly!)

      _"alpha"_    separating dash
 /         \  /
^[A-Za-z0-9]+(-[A-Za-z0-9]+)*$
 \__________/| \__________/|\
    "word"   |    "word"   | zero-or-more
             \_____________/
              group together

    This matches strings that is at least one "word", where words consists of one or more "alpha", where "alpha" consists of letters and numbers. More "words" can follow, and they're always separated by a dash.

    This matches (as seen on rubular.com):

    this-is-quite-alright
and-a-1-and-a-2-and-3-4-5

    And rejects:

    --no-way
no-way--
no--way