Progress/OpenEdge is not a SQL database and although it does have support for SQL (through the ODBC interface) that is not the natural way to access OpenEdge data. Progress applications are built using "ABL" (formerly known as "Progress 4gl") and some SQLish things like referential integrity constraints are implemented through procedural logic in 4gl code. Which makes things difficult if you are not really interested in learning ABL.
Has anybody successfully managed to use Apache Drill (https://drill.apache.org) to access Progress data? Are there any pointers particular to the combination of Progress and Apache Drill to share?
Short answer: No, this is impossible.
Longer answer: my admittedly cursory read of what Apache/Drill does lead to the mistaken conclusion that you can just access Progress (or anything else) via ODBC and then use Drill on top of it.
Apache/Drill is exposing itself via ODBC but currently the only datasources it can use are:
Therefore at the time being Progress cannot be accessed by Apache/Drill.