I just found this web page comparing some code written in Scala, C# and Go. I am astonished to see how close Scala and Go code looks like, much more than Scala code compared to C# code.
So my question is: What are the most significant differences between Scala and Go?
I don't think so, at least conceptually they are very different. Go is much more C++ like and "low level" oriented than C#, and C# has only a few functional features while Scala allows you to write typical "functional" Code (more verbose than OCaml or Haskell, but similar). Scala's type system is quite sophisticated, but is nevertheless based on a Java/C#-like foundation. On the other hand, Go's object-oriented part looks quite different. I didn't try out Go, as I found it too C-like and too low-level. As a Java programmer I know that C# is technically ahead and has a lot of nice features missing in Java. When learning Scala it widened my view, giving me the advantage and power of functional Code without losing the good things from the object oriented world. After the years in Java jail programming in Scala is a really refreshing and mindblowing experience.