I have a program that writes to a local MSMQ, and a customer that wants to install that program on Windows Server Core 2012, which I have just discovered does not support MSMQ.
Are there any alternative queueing technologies that will work on Windows Server Core 2012?
I've just checked a Windows 2012 R2 Core server and MSMQ was fully available:
Get-WindowsFeature -Name MSMQ*
[ ] Message Queuing MSMQ Available
[ ] Services Message Queuing MSMQ-Services Available
[ ] Serveur Message Queuing MSMQ-Server Available
[ ] Déclencheurs Message Queuing MSMQ-Triggers Available
[ ] Intégration du service d’annuaire MSMQ-Directory Available
[ ] Prise en charge de la multidiffusion MSMQ-Multicasting Removed
[ ] Prise en charge HTTP MSMQ-HTTP-Support Available
[ ] Service de routage MSMQ-Routing Available
[ ] Proxy DCOM Message Queuing MSMQ-DCOM Available
So I believe the data you've found of it not being available date back to Server 2008. (or it may be a difference between 2012 and 2012 R2 - unlikely, but in that case your solution is simple: upgrade!)
If you still want alternatives... well, in any way you'll have to change your code, as there are no other brokers that implement the MSMQ APIs. So either use a remote MSMQ, or change your broker altogether. For example, I can vouch for RabbbitMQ working on 2008R2 et 2012R2 server core. But it is just an example, and you will have to do a lot of refactoring to change the API.