Does the pod command support an option to list the installed CococaPods in a given project? pod list appears to display a list of all published pods. I've looked around in the documentation but can't find a way of doing this.
As stated in @DougAmos' answer you should check your Podfile.lock to see this information using cat Podfile.lock
This doesn't currently exist in CocoaPods. Personally I would just do a cat Podfile to learn about what the project was including. I would suggest you create an issue (or even better a pull request) on the main repository about this!