I have added a product with some new attribute set, In admin side, catalog listing page shows the products and when I open configured product, association tab shows the associated product.
I cleared cache and indexed properly before checking.
Refer Below scrrenshots:
2.When opening configurable product Showing association:
Please check
go to catalog=>>manage product and open product which you want to display
check in general tab =>>status Enable.
Inventory tab =>>Qty =>> don't left empty && stock availability=>> in stock.