ArcGIS is come with Python, that allow incredible wide functionality -- allow to do about 100% of ArcGIS with scripting with Arcpy, without running ArcGIS.
But I have question. How it's done? Can I get such functionality without installation of ArcGIS? If yeas what I should to install to get such functionality with my Python?
If no, could you explain how it's done? Does Python that come with ArcGIS use GIS dlls for geo processing?
P.S. I know about gdal\qgis, but I would like electrically hight level scripting that allow me by Arcpy from ArcGIS. It's much easier than gdal have.
Absolutely possible!
ArcGIS is nice, but expensive and pretty academic. If you're looking for an open-source alternative that allows you to use python scripting pretty seamlessly I would highly recommend QGIS.
Here is the official PyQGIS tutorial, that should show you how to accomplish anything you really need.