How to reference another schema in my Mongoose schema?

I'm building a Mongoose schema for a dating app.

I want each person document to contain a reference to all the events they've been to, where events is another schema with its own models in the system. How can I describe this in the schema?

var personSchema = mongoose.Schema({
    firstname: String,
    lastname: String,
    email: String,
    gender: {type: String, enum: ["Male", "Female"]}
    dob: Date,
    city: String,
    interests: [interestsSchema],
    eventsAttended: ???
});

Solution

You can do so by using Population

Population is the process of automatically replacing the specified paths in the document with document(s) from other collection(s). We may populate a single document, multiple documents, plain object, multiple plain objects, or all objects returned from a query.

Suppose your Event Schema is defined as follows:

var mongoose = require('mongoose')
  , Schema = mongoose.Schema

var eventSchema = Schema({
    title     : String,
    location  : String,
    startDate : Date,
    endDate   : Date
});

var personSchema = Schema({
    firstname: String,
    lastname: String,
    email: String,
    gender: {type: String, enum: ["Male", "Female"]}
    dob: Date,
    city: String,
    interests: [interestsSchema],
    eventsAttended: [{ type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Event' }]
});

var Event  = mongoose.model('Event', eventSchema);
var Person = mongoose.model('Person', personSchema);

To show how populate is used, first create a person object,

aaron = new Person({firstname: 'Aaron'}) and an event object,

event1 = new Event({title: 'Hackathon', location: 'foo'}):

aaron.eventsAttended.push(event1);
aaron.save(callback);

Then, when you make your query, you can populate references like this:

Person
.findOne({ firstname: 'Aaron' })
.populate('eventsAttended') // only works if we pushed refs to person.eventsAttended
.exec(function(err, person) {
    if (err) return handleError(err);
    console.log(person);
});