I have a binary image full noises. I detected the objects circled in red using median filter B = medfilt2(A, [m n])
(Matlab) or medianBlur(src, dst, ksize)
(openCV).
Could you suggest other methods to detect those objects in a more "academic" way, e.g probabilistic method, clustering, etc?
This example looks like the very scenario DBSCAN was designed for. Lots of noise, but with a well understood density, and clusters with much higher density but arbitrary shape.