Simple example:
tar cf <archive_name> <file_name>
md5sum <archive_name>
touch <file_name>
tar cf <archive_name> <file_name>
md5sum <archive_name>
Results of md5sum are different.
How to avoid this?
Only different modify times (not access or change) cause this issue. As workaround: use --mtime to override file modify times with one predefined timestamp.