My baseline for this questions comes from MIT's Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs. In the book, a filter function is defined. I know that map is part of the spec, but I see nothing resembling filter.
EDIT: Specifically I'm referring to the spec here: http://www.schemers.org/Documents/Standards/R5RS/HTML/
No. This SFRI specifically requests that a filter function be added because it is not present in R5RS. There is however a filter function defined in MIT-Scheme, and in R6RS, behaving exactly as one would expect.