My code is as follows:
boost::asio::streambuf b1;
boost::asio::async_read_until(upstream_socket_, b1, '@',
boost::bind(&bridge::handle_upstream_read, shared_from_this(),
boost::asio::placeholders::error,
boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred));
void handle_upstream1_read(const boost::system::error_code& error,
const size_t& bytes_transferred)
{
if (!error)
{
async_write(downstream_socket_,
b2,
boost::bind(&bridge::handle_downstream_write,
shared_from_this(),
boost::asio::placeholders::error));
}
else
close();
}
According to the documentation of async_read_until, http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_55_0/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/async_read_until/overload1.html, After a successful async_read_until operation, the streambuf may contain additional data beyond the delimiter. An application will typically leave that data in the streambuf for a subsequent async_read_until operation to examine.
I know that the streambuf may contain additional data beyond the delimiter, but, in my case, will it write those additional data (the data beyond the char'@') to the downstream_socket_ inside the async_write operation? Or will async_write function be smart enough not to write those additional data until the next time the handle_upstream1_read function is being called?
According to the approaches in the documentation, the data in streambuf are stored in the istream first ( std::istream response_stream(&streambuf); ) and then put it into a string by using std::getline() funciton.
Do I really need to store the streambuf in istream first and then convert it into a string and then convert it back to char arrary (so that I can send the char array to the downstream_socket_ ) instead of just using the async_write to write the data( up to but not including the delimter, '@' ) to the downstream_socket_ ?
I prefer the second approach so that I don't need to make several conversion on the data. However, it seems that something is wrong when I tried the second approach.
My ideal case is that:
It seems that async_write operation still writes the data beyond the delimiter to the downstream_socket_. (but I am not 100% sure about this)
I appreciate if anyone can provide a little help !
The async_write() overload being used is considered complete when all of the streambuf's data, its input sequence, has been written to the WriteStream (socket). It is equivalent to calling:
boost::asio::async_write(stream, streambuf,
boost::asio::transfer_all(), handler);
One can limit the amount of bytes written and consumed from the streambuf object by calling this async_write() overload with the boost::asio::transfer_exactly completion condition:
boost::asio::async_write(stream, streambuf,
boost::asio::transfer_exactly(n), handler);
Alternatively, one can write directly from the streambuf's input sequence. However, one will need to explicitly consume from the streambuf.
boost::asio::async_write(stream,
boost::asio::buffer(streambuf.data(), n), handler);
// Within the completion handler...
streambuf.consume(n);
Note that when the async_read_until() operation completes, the completion handler's bytes_transferred argument contains the number of bytes in the streambuf's input sequence up to and including the delimiter, or 0 if an error occurred.
Here is a complete example demonstrating using both approaches. The example is written using synchronous operations in an attempt to simplify the flow:
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
// This example is not interested in the handlers, so provide a noop function
// that will be passed to bind to meet the handler concept requirements.
void noop() {}
/// @brief Helper function that extracts a string from a streambuf.
std::string make_string(
boost::asio::streambuf& streambuf,
std::size_t n)
{
return std::string(
boost::asio::buffers_begin(streambuf.data()),
boost::asio::buffers_begin(streambuf.data()) + n);
}
int main()
{
using boost::asio::ip::tcp;
boost::asio::io_service io_service;
// Create all I/O objects.
tcp::acceptor acceptor(io_service, tcp::endpoint(tcp::v4(), 0));
tcp::socket server_socket(io_service);
tcp::socket client_socket(io_service);
// Connect client and server sockets.
acceptor.async_accept(server_socket, boost::bind(&noop));
client_socket.async_connect(acceptor.local_endpoint(), boost::bind(&noop));
io_service.run();
// Mockup write_buffer as if it read "xxxx@yyyy" with read_until()
// using '@' as a delimiter.
boost::asio::streambuf write_buffer;
std::ostream output(&write_buffer);
output << "xxxx@yyyy";
assert(write_buffer.size() == 9);
auto bytes_transferred = 5;
// Write to server.
boost::asio::write(server_socket, write_buffer,
boost::asio::transfer_exactly(bytes_transferred));
// Verify write operation consumed part of the input sequence.
assert(write_buffer.size() == 4);
// Read from client.
boost::asio::streambuf read_buffer;
bytes_transferred = boost::asio::read(
client_socket, read_buffer.prepare(bytes_transferred));
read_buffer.commit(bytes_transferred);
// Copy from the read buffers input sequence.
std::cout << "Read: " <<
make_string(read_buffer, bytes_transferred) << std::endl;
read_buffer.consume(bytes_transferred);
// Mockup write_buffer as if it read "zzzz@kkkk" with read_until()
// using '@' as a delimiter.
output << "zzzz@kkkk";
assert(write_buffer.size() == 13);
bytes_transferred = 9; // yyyyzzzz@
// Write to server.
boost::asio::write(server_socket, buffer(write_buffer.data(),
bytes_transferred));
// Verify write operation did not consume the input sequence.
assert(write_buffer.size() == 13);
write_buffer.consume(bytes_transferred);
// Read from client.
bytes_transferred = boost::asio::read(
client_socket, read_buffer.prepare(bytes_transferred));
read_buffer.commit(bytes_transferred);
// Copy from the read buffers input sequence.
std::cout << "Read: " <<
make_string(read_buffer, bytes_transferred) << std::endl;
read_buffer.consume(bytes_transferred);
}
Output:
Read: xxxx@
Read: yyyyzzzz@
A few other notes:
streambuf owns the memory, and std::istream and std::ostream use the memory. Using streams may be a good idea when one needs to extract formatted input or insert formatted output. For instance, when one wishes to read the string "123" as an integer 123.One can directly access the streambuf's input sequence and iterate over it. In the example above, I use boost::asio::buffers_begin() to help construct a std::string by iterating over a streambuf's input sequence.
std::string(
boost::asio::buffers_begin(streambuf.data()),
boost::asio::buffers_begin(streambuf.data()) + n);
A stream-based transport protocol is being used, so handle incoming data as a stream. Be aware that even if the intermediary server reframes messages and sends "xxxx@" in one write operation and "yyyyzzzz@" in a subsequent write operation, the downstream may read "xxxx@yyyy" in a single read operation.