How do you retrieve the indexed terms for a particular ID, e.g. retrieve terms that are actually stored in the DB with Index analyzers applied ?
You can use the Luke Request Handler to inspect a Lucene index on a lower level than the regular Solr interface. You can include a uniqueKey to retrieve information for a specific document.
I'm not familiar with any SolrJ integration for the Luke handler, but The Almight Search Engine might be able to help.