This is very basic question from programming point of view but as I am in learning phase, I thought I would better ask this question rather than having a misunderstanding or narrow knowledge about the topic.
So do excuse me if somehow I mess it up.
Question:
Let's say I have class A,B,C and D
now class A
has some piece of code which I need to have in class B,C and D
so I am extending class A
in class B, class C, and class D
Now how can I access the function of class A
in other classes, do I need to create an object of class A
and than access the function of class A
or as am extending A
in other classes than I can internally call the function using this parameter.
If possible I would really appreciate if someone can explain this concept with code sample explaining how the logic flows.
Note
Example in Java, PHP and .Net would be appreciated.
Let's forget about C and D because they are the same as B. If class B extends class A, then objects of type B are also objects of type A. Whenever you create an object of type B you are also creating an object of type A. It should have access to all of the methods and data in A (except those marked as private, if your language supports access modifiers) and they can be referred to directly. If B overrides some functionality of A, then usually the language provides a facility to call the base class implementation (base.Foo() or some such).
Inheritance Example: C#
public class A
{
public void Foo() { }
public virtual void Baz() { }
}
public class B : A // B extends A
{
public void Bar()
{
this.Foo(); // Foo comes from A
}
public override void Baz() // a new Baz
{
base.Baz(); // A's Baz
this.Bar(); // more stuff
}
}
If, on the other hand, you have used composition instead of inheritance and B contains an instance of A as a class variable, then you would need to create an object of A and reference it's (public) functionality through that instance.
Composition Example: C#
public class B // use A from above
{
private A MyA { get; set; }
public B()
{
this.MyA = new A();
}
public void Bar()
{
this.MyA.Foo(); // call MyA's Foo()
}
}