I am reading about remote debugging Android devices:
https://developer.chrome.com/devtools/docs/remote-debugging?csw=1
This sounds convenient, if you have an Android device, that is.
What I would like to know is whether it is possible to use this remote debugging feature with a virtual machine running Android.
Per comments on my earlier answer, it seems that an issue with the Android Emulator is its speed.
I've recently come across Genymotion (formerly AndroVM) which is described in more detail at Lifehacker. It appears that it's based on Virtualbox, which is an x86 virtualization software, so it's most likely using the X86 Android port which would be much faster than emulating ARM on X86. You can also install Android X86 from ISO in Virtualbox yourself (see howto).
Other options for speeding up Android emulators:
Disclaimer: I'm not affiliated with any of these projects, nor have I tried any of them myself so I can't vouch for their quality or compatibility with the ARM-based Android distributions, but from reading about them, folks seem to really like the performance, and development/debugging on such devices should, in theory, easily transfer to ARM-based ones.