Is it possible to implement efficiently (with little to no runtime overhead) functions that return multiple vales / a tuple type?
In a C-like language something like this:
int, float f(int a) {
return a*2 , a / 2;
}
Is there a reason why very few statically compiled languages do this?
Yes, it can be efficient. You may need to spill registers, but it is possible.
GHC for example, implements the "constructed product return" optimization, that:
determines when a function can profitably return multiple results in registers. The analysis is based only on a function's definition, and not on its uses (so separate compilation is easily supported) and the results of the analysis can be expressed by a transformation of the function definition alone.
CPR is a huge win for returning small structures (i.e. tuples, tagged unions).
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