How can I copy and paste stuff into Windows command window, which runs Vagrant ssh in it? Right mouse button is then somehow blocked
The windows terminal is awful. To paste, what you need to do is right-click the top-left corner of the window (where the icon is), go down to edit, and select "Paste". No keyboard shortcuts for it.
Now, one alternative is to connect to your vagrant VM with something like Putty. Just connect to localhost on port 2222. username is "vagrant" but you will need to take a few steps to convert the SSH key for login. Here is an article explaining what you need to do.