$(this)
or $(JavaScript object)
returns a javascript object wrapped in jquery object, hence making it a jquery object, which gives it additional functionalities?
What is its dojo's equivalent
Dojo doesn't have a wrapper for objects as far as I know of. It has a wrapper for DOM nodes:
require([ "dojo/query" ], function(query) {
query(document.getElementById("test")); // Adds extra features
});
You can then add extra features by importing one of these modules:
There are probably equivalents in Dojo for the additional functionalities you want, but then you will have to give more information about which functionalities you really need.