JTS.orthodromicDistance(new Coordinate(0,0), new Coordinate(180,0), DefaultGeographicCRS.WGS84) * 2 is equal to 40075016 but must be equal to 6378000.
You get what you asked for. Your formula calculates the circumference, which is 2*pi*radius
.
The radius is circumference / (2*pi)
, indeed about 6378000.